So the finding does not describe a random sampling of teenage girls, or even all the girls in the survey. They only answered the question about Instagram's role if they had already reported having body image issues. The Facebook research was not peer-reviewed or designed to be nationally representative, and some of the statistics that have received the most attention were based on very small numbers.ДЄccording to Facebook's own annotations of the leaked slides, the finding broadly reported as '30% of teen girls felt Instagram made them feel worse about their bodies' was based on 150 respondents out of a few thousand Instagram users surveyed. All along the way, large peer-reviewed studies have found few correlations. This research started with radio, moved on to television, video games and now social media. It's just one of hundreds of studies published over decades on children and adolescents' media use and well-being. 'At the population level,' the paper concluded, 'there was little evidence that digital technology access and use is negatively associated with young adolescents' well-being.' there is very little to no connection.' With the exception of a small increase in behavior problems, her study found no real world connections between smartphone or social media use and several different measures of psychological distress and well-being. 'But if you actually do the research and connect their use to objective measures. 'If you ask teens if they are addicted/harmed by social media or their phones, the vast majority say yes,' she tells NPR. Odgers was a coauthor of a study conducted in 2015 and published in 2020 that found exactly this. That's because teenagers are already primed by media coverage, and the disapproval of adults, to believe that social media is bad for them. That reliance on self-reporting - the teens' own opinions - as a single indicator of harm is a problem, says Candice Odgers, a psychologist who studies adolescence at University of California, Irvine and Duke University. Facebook asked teens about their impressions of Instagram's effect on their body image, mental health and other issues. The leaked Facebook research consists of opinion surveys and interviews. That is equally true of Facebook's internal marketing data, leaked by Haugen, as it is of the validated studies on the topic. Although there is debate, they tend to agree that the evidence we've seen so far is complex, contradictory and ultimately inconclusive. Researchers have worked for decades to tease out the relationship between teen media use and mental health. 'I believe that Facebook's products harm children,' she said in her opening statement, saying that the documents she published proved that Facebook's 'profit optimizing machine is generating self-harm and self-hate - especially for vulnerable groups, like teenage girls.' Facebook spokesperson Andy Stone noted on Twitter during the hearing that Haugen 'did not work on child safety or Instagram or research these issues and has no direct knowledge of the topic from her work at Facebook.' The hearing's focus was advertised as 'protecting kids online.' On Tuesday, Facebook whistleblower Frances Haugen testified before a Senate panel.

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